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Tracking Sharks With Robots

Scientists have been tracking sharks using robots for years. However, a new design allows them to do this while following the animal. Biologists from Mote Marine Laboratory and engineers at Harvey Mudd College developed the system using off-the-shelf parts.

It is able to resist a pull-off force of 400 times greater than its own weight. It also detects changes in objects and adjust its direction to accommodate them.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are robots that can be programmed to operate dependent on the design they can drift or move through the ocean without human-controlled control in real-time. They come with sensors that monitor water parameters, search and map ocean geological features and habitats and more.

They are controlled by a surface vessel with Wi-Fi or acoustic connections for sending data back to the operator. They are used to collect any type of temporal or spatial data and can be used in large groups to cover more ground faster than is possible using one vehicle.

AUVs can utilize GPS and the Global Navigation Satellite System to determine their position around the globe, and the distance they've traveled from their starting position. This information, in conjunction with sensors in the environment that transmit data to the computer systems onboard, allows AUVs to follow their planned trajectory without losing sight of the goal.

When a research mission is complete after which the AUV will float to the surface, and be returned to the research vessel it was launched from. In contrast, a resident AUV could remain in the water and conduct regular, pre-programmed checks for months at a time. In either scenario, the AUV will periodically surface to communicate its location via a GPS signal or acoustic beacon, which is transmitted to the surface ship.

Some AUVs communicate with their operator continuously through satellite links on the research vessel. This allows scientists to continue to conduct experiments from their ship while the AUV is collecting data under water. Other AUVs could communicate with their operators only at certain times, such as when they need to refuel or check the status of their sensor systems.

In addition to providing oceanographic data, AUVs can also be used to find underwater resources such as natural gas and minerals according to Free Think. They can also be used to respond to environmental catastrophes, such as oil spills or tsunamis. They can be used to monitor subsurface volcano activity as well as the conditions of marine life, including whale populations or coral reefs.

Curious Robots

Contrary to traditional underwater robots which are preprogrammed to look for only one feature of the ocean floor The curious robots are built to explore the surroundings and adapt to changing conditions. This is important, because the underwater environment can be unpredictable. If the water suddenly heats up it could alter the behavior of marine animals or even cause an oil spill. The robots are designed to quickly and effectively shark detect pro self-empty robot vacuum changes in the environment.

One team of researchers is working on a new robotic platform that utilizes reinforcement learning to teach a robot to be curious about its surroundings. The robot, which resembles a child in yellow clothing with a green thumb, can be taught to recognize patterns, which could indicate an interesting discovery. It is also able to make decisions based on its past actions. The findings of the study could be used to create an intelligent robot that is capable of learning and adapting to the changing environment.

Researchers are also using robots to explore areas that are dangerous for humans to dive. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute's (WHOI), for example has a robot named WARP-AUV that is used to investigate shipwrecks and find them. This robot is able to identify reef creatures and even distinguish jellyfish and semi-transparent fish from their dim backgrounds.

It takes years of training to teach an individual how to perform this. The brain of the WARP-AUV has been trained to recognize familiar species after a lot of images have been fed to it. The WARP-AUV functions as a marine detective that also sends real-time images of sea creatures and underwater scenery to supervisors on the surface.

Other teams are working to develop robots that share the same curiosity as humans. A team at the University of Washington’s Paul G. Allen school of Computer Science & Engineering, for example, is exploring how to teach robots curiosity about their surroundings. This group is part of a three-year project by Honda Research Institute USA to develop machines that are curious.

Remote Missions

There are many uncertainties with space missions that could cause mission failure. Scientists aren't certain of what time the mission will take, how well certain parts of the spacecraft work, or if other forces or objects could affect spacecraft operations. The Remote Agent software is intended to reduce the uncertainty by performing many of the complex tasks that ground personnel would carry out when they were present on DS1 during the mission.

Remote Agent is a Remote Agent software system includes a planner/scheduler, an executive, and model-based reasoning algorithms. The planner/scheduler generates a set of activities based on time and events called tokens which are then passed to the executive. The executive determines how to use the tokens in an array of commands that are transmitted directly to spacecraft.

During the test, a DS1 crew member is present to resolve any issues that occur outside of the scope of the test. All regional bureaus should follow Department records management guidelines and maintain all documentation used in conjunction with establishing an individual remote mission.

REMUS SharkCam

Researchers know very little about the activities of sharks below the surface. But researchers using an autonomous underwater vehicle known as SharkCam from REMUS are beginning to pierce that blue layer, and the results are both astonishing and frightening.

The SharkCam team is a group of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, took the torpedo-shaped SharkCam to Guadalupe Island last year to track and film great white sharks in their natural habitat. The 13 hours of video footage with the images from the acoustic tags attached to sharks provide a lot of information about their underwater behavior.

The REMUS sharkCam, developed by Hydroid in Pocasset MA, is designed to track the location of a tagged animals without disturbing their behavior or causing alarm. It uses an ultra-short navigation system to determine the range, bearing and depth of the animal. Then it closes in on the shark mop vacuum robot at a predetermined distance and position (left or right above or below,) and captures its swimming and interactions with its surroundings. It can communicate with scientists on the surface every 20 seconds and respond to commands to alter speed or depth or standoff distance.

When Roger Stokey, REMUS SharkCam creator Roger Stokey, and Edgar Mauricio Hoyos Padilla, Pelagios Kakunja shark self empty vacuum researcher from Mexico's Marine Conservation Society, first thought of tracking great white sharks using the Self Emptying Robot Vacuum Shark-propelled REMUS SharkCam torpedo, they were concerned that the torpedo could interfere with the sharks' movements and may even cause them to flee. But in an article recently published in the Journal of Fish Biology, Skomal and his colleagues report that despite nine bumps and bites from great whites that weighed thousands of pounds in a week of study off the coast of Guadalupe the SharkCam survived--and revealed some intriguing new behaviors about the great white shark robot vacuum with mop.

The researchers interpreted the sharks interactions with REMUS's SharkCam, which was tracking and recording the activity of four tagged sharks, as predatory behavior. Researchers recorded 30 shark self emptying stick vacuum interactions, which included simple bumps and nine aggressive bites.